Explore the cosmos with Webb, the most powerful infrared telescope ever built. See the latest images of distant galaxies, planets, and stars, and learn about Webb's science, features, and team.Earth's Moon is the brightest and largest object in our night sky. The Moon makes Earth a more livable planet by moderating our home planet's wobble on its axis, leading to a … NASA provides a safe place for children to play games as they learn about NASA and its missions. NASA encourages you to visit NASA Kids' Club and use its games and activities to inspire the next generation. On this site, you will find games of various skill levels for children pre-K through grade 4. These games support national education ... NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover captured this image of a sample cored from a rock called “Bunsen Peak” on March 11,… NASA’s Curiosity Rover Reaches Gediz Vallis Channel (360 View) 360-degree panorama provided by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover. This view was captured at Gediz Vallis channel ...Mar 29, 2024 · The livestream will begin at 2:30 p.m. on NASA Wallops’ YouTube channel and conclude after the last of the three sounding rocket launches. NASA’s interactive Eclipse Explorer Map will allow users to track the total solar eclipse in real time on April 8 as it moves across North America. Live Space Station Tracking Map. The tracker shows where the Space Station is right now and its path 90 minutes ago (-1.5 hr) and 90 minutes ahead (+1.5 hr). The dark overlay indicates where it is nighttime in the world. Cannot load images. Map Source: www.esa.int. Learn more about signing up, using Spot the Station and tracking the ISS. Mar 28, 2024 · NASA HQ PHOTO: Best of 2023. The 100 best images from 2023 as captured and selected by the NASA HQ PHOTO office at NASA Headquarters in Washington. View Images about NASA HQ PHOTO: Best of 2023. Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . DART was NASA's first successful planetary defense test. The spacecraft deliberately impacted asteroid Dimorphos, and successfully altered the asteroid’s orbit.NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, in orbit around Saturn since 2004, is about to begin the final chapter of its remarkable story. On Wednesday, April 26, the spacecraft will make the first in a series of dives through the 1,500-mile-wide (2,400-kilometer) gap between Saturn and its rings as part of the mission’s grand finale.CARVE (Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment) CATS (Cloud-Aerosol Transport System) CeREs (Compact Radiation Belt Explorer) CGRO (Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory) CHAMP (Challenging Mini-satellite Payload) Chandra X-ray Observatory. Chandrayaan-1 / Moon Impact Probe. Chandrayaan-2. Chandrayaan-3.This visualization closely follows the Moon's umbra shadow as it crosses North America during the April 8, 2024 total solar eclipse. It covers the one hour and 50 minutes between 10:57 a.m. Pacific Standard Time and 4:47 p.m. Atlantic Daylight Time. Annotations include a running clock and the location of the center of the shadow.Benefits for Humanity. The International Space Station is an unprecedented achievement in global human endeavors to conceive, plan, build, operate, and utilize a research platform in space. With assembly of station at completion, continuity of visiting vehicles, and support of a full-time crew of six, the era of utilization for research advances.Dozens of previously hidden jets and outflows from young stars are revealed in this new image of the Cosmic Cliffs from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This image separates out several wavelengths of light from the First Image revealed on July 12, 2022, which highlight molecular hydrogen, a vital ...The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.Heliophysics is the science of understanding our star, the Sun, and its interactions with Earth and the solar system. The NASA Heliophysics Education Activation Team, or NASA HEAT, is composed of NASA scientists, engineers, and educators passionate about making heliophysics accessible to multiple audiences and learners of all ages. NASA HEAT is …NASA Image and Video Library, serving up consolidated imagery and videos in one searchable location. Users can download content in multiple sizes and resolutions and see the metadata associated with images, including EXIF/camera data on many images.Apr 16, 2024 · NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover captured this image of a sample cored from a rock called “Bunsen Peak” on March 11,… NASA’s Curiosity Rover Reaches Gediz Vallis Channel (360 View) 360-degree panorama provided by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover. This view was captured at Gediz Vallis channel ... Welcome to our NASA Science website. A gateway to our missions, research, and engagement efforts. The Science Mission Directorate inspires the learners of today and develops the leaders of tomorrow. One of our key strategies is to purposefully and actively engage with audiences and learners of all ages to share the story of NASA’s integrated ...NASA partnership with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) NISAR is a joint Earth-observing mission between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). NASA and ISRO are providing two radars that are optimized each in their own way to allow the mission to observe a wider range of changes than either one alone.Mar 29, 2024 · The livestream will begin at 2:30 p.m. on NASA Wallops’ YouTube channel and conclude after the last of the three sounding rocket launches. NASA’s interactive Eclipse Explorer Map will allow users to track the total solar eclipse in real time on April 8 as it moves across North America. Editor’s Note: NASA and Astrobotic are continuing to monitor this mission. Updates will be provided on https://blogs.nasa.gov/.. Carrying NASA scientific instruments as part of its Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative, Astrobotic’s Peregrine lander launched on United Launch Alliance’s (ULA) Vulcan rocket at 2:18 a.m. EST from Launch …December 2019 marks the beginning of Solar Cycle 25, and the Sun’s activity will once again ramp up until solar maximum, predicted for 2025. Credits: NASA/SDO. Solar Cycle 25 has begun. During a media event on Tuesday, experts from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) discussed their analysis and …NASA partnership with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) NISAR is a joint Earth-observing mission between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). NASA and ISRO are providing two radars that are optimized each in their own way to allow the mission to observe a wider range of changes than either one alone.Learn about the Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and more in our solar system. Find out the latest news, missions, eclipses, and skywatching tips from NASA.Rockets aren’t the only thing we launch. Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, and the smallest planet in our solar system - only slightly larger than Earth's Moon.A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the company’s Dragon spacecraft is launched on NASA’s SpaceX Crew-5 mission to the International Space Station with NASA astronauts Nicole Mann and Josh Cassada, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Koichi Wakata, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Anna Kikina onboard, Wednesday, …Headquarters, Washington. 202-358-1257. [email protected]. Joe Atkinson. Langley Research Center. 757-755-5375. [email protected]. A NASA instrument to provide unprecedented resolution of monitoring major air pollutants – down to four square miles – lifted off on its way to geostationary orbit at 12:30 a.m. EDT Friday.Rockets aren’t the only thing we launch. Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe.In 1958, when the NACA made the transition to NASA, segregated facilities, including the West Computing office, were abolished. Dorothy Vaughan and many of the former West Computers joined the new Analysis and Computation Division (ACD), a racially and gender-integrated group on the frontier of electronic computing.STRIVES is a NASA portal that allows you to discover and access scientific, technical and research information from various sources and domains. Learn about Webb, the premier observatory of the next decade, that studies every phase in the history of our Universe. See the latest news, images, and science goals of this international collaboration. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Headquarters, Washington. 202-358-1257. [email protected]. Joe Atkinson. Langley Research Center. 757-755-5375. [email protected]. A NASA instrument to provide unprecedented resolution of monitoring major air pollutants – down to four square miles – lifted off on its way to geostationary orbit at 12:30 a.m. EDT Friday.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.Rockets aren’t the only thing we launch. Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun, and the second largest in the solar system. It’s surrounded by beautiful rings. Meet Perseverance Landing Site: Jezero Crater NASA chose Jezero Crater as the landing site for the Perseverance rover. Scientists believe the area was once flooded with water and was home to an ancient river delta. The process of landing site selection involved a combination of mission team members and scientists from around the world, who […] Dec 12, 2023 · NASA/Denny Henry. After PACE is launched in early 2024, the satellite will scan Earth every two days, gathering immense quantities of data on the chemical composition, movement, and interaction of aerosols and clouds. “We want to measure properties of aerosols because aerosols affect climate,” said Hasekamp. They reflect light back into ... Introducing NASA’s new streaming service, NASA+, launching soon. More space. More rockets. More science. More missions. More NASA. All in one place.Quick Facts. The first class of NASA astronauts was selected in 1959. They are known as the Mercury 7. Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots. When Expedition 1 arrived at the International Space Station on Nov. 2, 2000, there has been a …NASA technology turns up in nearly every corner of modern life. We make our space tech available to commercial companies to generate real world benefits – everything from creating jobs to saving lives. Learn more about NASA technology transfer. Read More Max Holliday, middle, installs one of the four PY4 spacecraft into the …Learn about Webb, the premier observatory of the next decade, that studies every phase in the history of our Universe. See the latest news, images, and science goals of this … Rockets aren’t the only thing we launch. Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . Neptune is the eight and most distant planet from the Sun. It’s the fourth largest, and the first planet discovered with math. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.NASA MISSIONS Mars 2020. NASA's Mars 2020 mission is the next step in NASA's long-term robotic exploration of Mars. The rover Perseverance will provide important data relevant to astrobiology research, along with a vast amount of geological information about the landing site and the planet at large that will help put the astrobiological data into …Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . DART was NASA's first successful planetary defense test. The spacecraft deliberately impacted asteroid Dimorphos, and successfully altered the asteroid’s orbit.Mar 27, 2024 · Learn about NASA's mission, vision, and achievements in air and space exploration, innovation, and discovery. Find out how to join NASA, explore the universe, and support the agency's work. Rockets aren’t the only thing we launch. Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . Since its 1990 launch, the Hubble Space Telescope has changed our fundamental understanding of the universe. Explore the universe with NASA, the leading organization in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research. Learn about the latest missions, news, …NASA. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Michael Regan, and other United States government leaders unveiled the U.S. Greenhouse Gas Center Monday during the 28th annual United Nations Climate Conference (COP28). “NASA data is essential to making the changes needed …Mar 29, 2024 · The livestream will begin at 2:30 p.m. on NASA Wallops’ YouTube channel and conclude after the last of the three sounding rocket launches. NASA’s interactive Eclipse Explorer Map will allow users to track the total solar eclipse in real time on April 8 as it moves across North America. Preface. When the first edition of NASA’s Small Spacecraft Technology State-of-the-art report was published in 2013, 247 CubeSats and 105 other non-CubeSat small spacecraft under 50 kilograms (kg) had been launched worldwide, representing less than 2% of launched mass into orbit over multiple years. Since 2013, the fight heritage …Welcome to NASA's Eyes, a way for you to learn about your home planet, our solar system, the universe beyond and the spacecraft exploring them.Aug 27, 2018 · Under Artemis, NASA will return humans to the Moon for long-term exploration and scientific discovery, gaining the knowledge needed future missions to worlds beyond, including Mars. “The unique Artemis II mission profile will build upon the uncrewed Artemis I flight test by demonstrating a broad range of SLS and Orion capabilities needed on ... The latest news on NASA's Webb Space Telescope. Webb is NASA's largest and most powerful space science telescope ever constructed. Webb’s enormous size and frigid operating temperature present …Feb 20, 2024 · CARVE (Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment) CATS (Cloud-Aerosol Transport System) CeREs (Compact Radiation Belt Explorer) CGRO (Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory) CHAMP (Challenging Mini-satellite Payload) Chandra X-ray Observatory. Chandrayaan-1 / Moon Impact Probe. Chandrayaan-2. Chandrayaan-3. NASA selected the company to develop the modern suits for the Artemis III mission and participated in activities when the first prototype was revealed Wednesday during an event at Space Center Houston in Texas. Helping take a step forward in the agency’s goal to build a robust economy at the Moon by working with commercial service …Katherine Rohloff. Headquarters, Washington. 202-358-1600. [email protected]. In response to a recommendation by an independent study team for NASA to play a more prominent role in understanding Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), the agency announced Thursday it is appointing a director of UAP …NASA selected the company to develop the modern suits for the Artemis III mission and participated in activities when the first prototype was revealed Wednesday during an event at Space Center Houston in Texas. Helping take a step forward in the agency’s goal to build a robust economy at the Moon by working with commercial service … NASA's Global Climate Change website is going to look a little different in the coming months because we’re heading to a new home, a more integrated portal on science.nasa.gov. Keep your eyes on our new space as we transition. Explore the new space Explore the new space NASA’s award-winning Space Place website engages upper-elementary-aged children in space and Earth science through interactive games, hands-on activities, fun articles and short videos. With material in both English and Spanish and numerous resources for kids, parents and teachers, Space Place has something for everyone.Dozens of previously hidden jets and outflows from young stars are revealed in this new image of the Cosmic Cliffs from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam). This image separates out several wavelengths of light from the First Image revealed on July 12, 2022, which highlight molecular hydrogen, a vital ...Katherine Rohloff. Headquarters, Washington. 202-358-1600. [email protected]. In response to a recommendation by an independent study team for NASA to play a more prominent role in understanding Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP), the agency announced Thursday it is appointing a director of UAP …When it started in the early 1990s, NASA’s Discovery Program represented a breakthrough in how NASA explored space. The newest book in the NASA History Series takes an in-depth look at the management techniques used to design creative and cost-effective spacecraft that continue to yield ground-breaking scientific data, drive new …NASA/JPL-Caltech/VTAD. Goals. JUICE ( JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) will explore Jupiter and three of its icy moons in depth. Launch. April 14, 2023. Arrival at Jupiter. July 2031. Science Targets. Jupiter, Ganymede, Callisto, Europa.The 34-meter (112-foot) radio-frequency-optical-hybrid antenna, called Deep Space Station 13, has tracked the downlink laser from NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications ( DSOC) technology demonstration since November 2023. The tech demo’s flight laser transceiver is riding with the agency’s Psyche spacecraft, which …Welcome to our improved NASA website! If you don't find what you are looking for, please try searching above, give us feedback , or return to the main site . DART was NASA's first successful planetary defense test. The spacecraft deliberately impacted asteroid Dimorphos, and successfully altered the asteroid’s orbit.NASA. Jul 05, 2016. RELEASE 16-071. After an almost five-year journey to the solar system’s largest planet, NASA’s Juno spacecraft successfully entered Jupiter’s orbit during a 35-minute engine burn. Confirmation that the burn had completed was received on Earth at 8:53 p.m. PDT (11:53 p.m. EDT) Monday, July 4.The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the world's most powerful X-ray telescope. It has eight-times greater resolution and is able to detect sources more than 20-times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is part of NASA's fleet of "Great Observatories" along with the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitizer Space ...STRIVES is a NASA portal that allows you to discover and access scientific, technical and research information from various sources and domains.NASA's Commercial Crew Program works with industry to facilitate safe, reliable, and cost-effective access to low Earth orbit. OSIRIS-REx. The first U.S. mission to collect a sample from an asteroid, OSIRIS-REx will return to Earth on Sept. 24, 2023, with material from asteroid Bennu. ...Solar System Exploration Program. The Solar System Exploration Program consists of large, strategic missions that seek to advance high priority science objectives set forth by the planetary science community. Because of their complexity, NASA typically assigns these efforts directly to a NASA center or other implementing organization.Events Archive - NASA. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.Solar eclipses occur when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth line up, either fully or partially. Depending on how they align, eclipses provide a unique, exciting view of either the Sun or the Moon. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth that either fully […]Solar eclipses occur when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth line up, either fully or partially. Depending on how they align, eclipses provide a unique, exciting view of either the Sun or the Moon. A solar eclipse happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, casting a shadow on Earth that either fully […]Jul 12, 2022 · NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has delivered the deepest and sharpest infrared image of the distant universe so far. Webb’s First Deep Field is galaxy cluster SMACS 0723, and it is teeming with thousands of galaxies – including the faintest objects ever observed in the infrared. Webb’s image is approximately the size of a grain of ... For more information on Artemis, visit: -end-. Karen Fox / Alana Johnson NASA Headquarters, Washington 301-286-6284 / 202-358-1501 [email protected] / [email protected]. NASA has selected the geology team that will develop the surface science plan for the first crewed lunar landing mission in more than 50 years.SBIR/STTR Phase I. Phase I is the jumping off point for most small businesses and research institutions working with the program. It is known as the “idea generation” phase, during which small businesses (and their research institution partners in STTR) establish the scientific, technical, commercial merit and feasibility of the proposed ...Oct 20, 2023 · The Expedition 70 crew began on Sept. 27, 2023. The astronauts and cosmonauts will be studying an array of microgravity phenomena to benefit humans living on and off the Earth. The orbital residents will also explore heart health, cancer treatments, space manufacturing techniques, and more during their long-duration stay in Earth orbit. The Latest NASA Released Webb Image is featured on this page. The James Webb Space Telescope's revolutionary technology will study every phase of cosmic history—from within our solar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe. Webb’s infrared telescope will explore a wide range of science questions to help us understand the origins of the universe and our place in ... Learn about NASA's missions, research, and discoveries on Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun. Explore the latest news, images, and videos from the Curiosity, Perseverance, and Ingenuity rovers, and more.NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover captured this image of a sample cored from a rock called “Bunsen Peak” on March 11,… NASA’s Curiosity Rover Reaches Gediz Vallis Channel (360 View) 360-degree panorama provided by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover. This view was captured at Gediz Vallis channel ...Learn about NASA's missions, research, and discoveries on Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun. Explore the latest news, images, and videos from the Curiosity, Perseverance, and Ingenuity rovers, and more.In 1958, when the NACA made the transition to NASA, segregated facilities, including the West Computing office, were abolished. Dorothy Vaughan and many of the former West Computers joined the new Analysis and Computation Division (ACD), a racially and gender-integrated group on the frontier of electronic computing.NASA and Lockheed Martin publicly unveil the X-59 quiet supersonic research aircraft at a ceremony in Lockheed Martin’s Skunk Works facility in Palmdale, California. The X-59 is the centerpiece of NASA’s Quesst mission, which seeks to solve one of the major barriers to supersonic flight over land, currently banned in the United States, …Events Archive - NASA. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.When it started in the early 1990s, NASA’s Discovery Program represented a breakthrough in how NASA explored space. The newest book in the NASA History Series takes an in-depth look at the management techniques used to design creative and cost-effective spacecraft that continue to yield ground-breaking scientific data, drive new …
2 days ago · Welcome to our NASA Science website. A gateway to our missions, research, and engagement efforts. The Science Mission Directorate inspires the learners of today and develops the leaders of tomorrow. One of our key strategies is to purposefully and actively engage with audiences and learners of all ages to share the story of NASA’s integrated ... . The psychology of money pdf
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery. Jul 28, 2023 · NASA’s space shuttle fleet began setting records with its first launch on April 12, 1981 and continued to set high marks of achievement and endurance through 30 years of missions. Starting with Columbia and continuing with Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour, the spacecraft has carried people into orbit repeatedly, launched ... [email protected]. Christine Pulliam. Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md. [email protected]. NASAs James Webb Space Telescope has confirmed, for the first time, a protocluster of seven galaxies at a distance that astronomers refer to as redshift 7.9, or a mere 650 million years after the big bang.NASA technology turns up in nearly every corner of modern life. We make our space tech available to commercial companies to generate real world benefits – everything from creating jobs to saving lives. Learn more about NASA technology transfer. Read More Max Holliday, middle, installs one of the four PY4 spacecraft into the …Explore the cosmos with Webb, the most powerful infrared telescope ever built. See the latest images of distant galaxies, planets, and stars, and learn about Webb's science, features, and team.This visualization closely follows the Moon's umbra shadow as it crosses North America during the April 8, 2024 total solar eclipse. It covers the one hour and 50 minutes between 10:57 a.m. Pacific Standard Time and 4:47 p.m. Atlantic Daylight Time. Annotations include a running clock and the location of the center of the shadow.NASA’s satellite mission to study ocean health, air quality, and the effects of a changing climate for the benefit of humanity launched successfully into orbit at 1:33 a.m. EST Thursday. Known as PACE, the Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem satellite, launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape …Learn about NASA's mission, vision, and achievements in air and space exploration, innovation, and discovery. Find out how to join NASA, explore the universe, …Send Your Name to Mars is not currently open for reservations. We will reopen reservations closer to a future launch date. If you have already signed up to send your name to Mars on NASA’s next flight to the Red Planet, your spot is reserved. Stay up to date by signing up for one of these newsletters to receive NASA updates in your inbox.The Latest NASA Released Webb Image is featured on this page. The James Webb Space Telescope's revolutionary technology will study every phase of cosmic history—from within our solar system to the most distant observable galaxies in the early universe. Webb’s infrared telescope will explore a wide range of science questions to help us understand …Welcome to our NASA Science website. A gateway to our missions, research, and engagement efforts. The Science Mission Directorate inspires the learners of today and develops the leaders of tomorrow. One of our key strategies is to purposefully and actively engage with audiences and learners of all ages to share the story of NASA’s integrated ...Home - NASA+. THE OFFICIAL NASA BROADCAST. Watch with us as a total solar eclipse moves across Mexico, the United States and Canada. Weather permitting, …NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover captured this image of a sample cored from a rock called “Bunsen Peak” on March 11,… NASA’s Curiosity Rover Reaches Gediz Vallis Channel (360 View) 360-degree panorama provided by NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover. This view was captured at Gediz Vallis channel ...Spring Floods Sweep Across Central Asia. Rivers overtopped their banks and submerged thousands of homes in Russia and Kazakhstan. Published Apr 16, 2024. Image of the Day Land Water Floods. climate change, global climate change, global warming, natural hazards, Earth, environment, remote sensing, atmosphere, land processes, …NASA/JPL-Caltech/VTAD. Goals. JUICE ( JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) will explore Jupiter and three of its icy moons in depth. Launch. April 14, 2023. Arrival at Jupiter. July 2031. Science Targets. Jupiter, Ganymede, Callisto, Europa..